Overview

Allergic Rhinitis is a common inflammatory condition affecting the nasal passages. It occurs when the immune system overreacts to airborne substances that are usually harmless. This reaction causes irritation and swelling inside the nose, leading to uncomfortable symptoms. Although it is often called “Hay Fever,” it does not cause fever and is not directly related to hay. The condition may occur seasonally or throughout the year. It affects both children and adults and is one of the most widespread allergic disorders worldwide. Persistent symptoms can interfere with sleep, concentration, and daily activities. Many individuals with allergic rhinitis may also have other allergic conditions such as asthma or eczema. The severity can range from mild discomfort to significant nasal blockage. Early identification helps in better long-term control. When unmanaged, it may impact overall respiratory health.

What Happens During Allergic Rhinitis?

When a person with allergic rhinitis is exposed to allergens, the immune system produces antibodies that trigger the release of chemicals like histamine. This leads to inflammation of the nasal lining. Blood vessels inside the nose swell, and mucus production increases. As a result, sneezing, nasal congestion, and runny nose occur. The nasal passages become sensitive and reactive, making symptoms recur with repeated exposure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is primarily based on medical history and symptom patterns. A healthcare provider will examine the nasal passages for signs of inflammation. Allergy testing, such as skin prick tests or blood tests, may be performed to identify specific allergens. In some cases, nasal examination or imaging may be recommended to rule out sinus-related conditions.