Overview

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), commonly known as lupus, is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs in the body. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. Lupus may involve the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, heart, lungs, and blood cells. The condition varies widely in severity and presentation. Symptoms may develop gradually or suddenly and often fluctuate over time. Lupus is more common in women, particularly during reproductive years. It is characterized by periods of flare-ups and remission. Because it can affect multiple organ systems, it is considered a systemic disease. Early detection is important to prevent organ damage. Long-term monitoring is usually required to manage disease activity.

What Happens During Allergic Rhinitis?

In lupus, the immune system produces autoantibodies that attack healthy tissues. This leads to widespread inflammation. Depending on the organs involved, inflammation may cause joint pain, skin rashes, kidney problems, or neurological symptoms. The immune complexes formed in the blood can deposit in tissues, causing further damage. The severity of symptoms depends on the organs affected during a flare.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. Blood tests detect specific antibodies such as ANA (antinuclear antibodies) and anti-dsDNA. Additional tests may assess kidney function and blood cell counts. Imaging and organ-specific evaluations may be required depending on symptoms. Diagnosis often involves meeting specific clinical and laboratory criteria.