Overview

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints. It occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints, known as the synovium. This leads to persistent inflammation, pain, and swelling. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, rheumatoid arthritis is an immune-mediated condition. It commonly affects small joints of the hands and feet and often occurs symmetrically on both sides of the body. Over time, it may lead to joint deformity and reduced mobility. RA can also affect other organs, including the lungs, heart, and blood vessels. The condition typically develops gradually but may sometimes progress rapidly. Early recognition is essential to prevent long-term complications. It is more common in women than men and may significantly impact quality of life.

What Happens During Allergic Rhinitis?

During rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the synovial membrane that lines the joints. This causes inflammation and thickening of the synovium. The inflamed tissue produces excess fluid, leading to swelling and pain. Over time, the inflammation can damage cartilage and bone within the joint. As the disease progresses, joint structure may deteriorate, resulting in stiffness, deformity, and loss of function.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests may detect markers such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies. Inflammatory markers like ESR and CRP are often elevated. Imaging studies such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI help assess joint damage and inflammation.