Nephrotic syndrome is a group of kidney disorders that occur when the filtering units of the kidneys are damaged, causing large amounts of plasma proteins (mainly albumin) to leak into the urine, reducing the protein in the blood. This protein leak may then result in leaking of fluids out of the bloodstream into the tissue, causing edema (swelling).

Signs and Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome

• Swelling of ankles, feet, and around the eyes
• Foamy urine (excess protein in urine)
• Weight gain
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite

Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome

• Medications (antibiotics)
• Diabetic kidney disease
• Infections (HIV, hepatitis B or C, malaria)
• Membranous nephropathy
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Amyloidosis
• Minimal change disease

Understanding Nephrotic Syndrome in Ayurveda
According to Ayurveda, the Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas are responsible for maintaining an individual’s health. If even one of these doshas are imbalanced, then disease will occur. Nephrotic syndrome is the result of disruption of the Pitta dosha. Toxins accumulate in the kidneys due to poor digestion and metabolism, leading to impaired renal function.

Treatment and Management
Nephrotic syndrome treatment includes medications such as corticosteroids or angiotensin receptor blockers to control blood pressure and reduce protein loss. Diuretics may help manage swelling. Additionally, immunosuppressive drugs may be recommended. Regular monitoring of kidney function is essential to adjust treatment.
Palliative Care provided by SGP’s PSA can also be an integral part of managing nephrotic syndrome, particularly for individuals with advanced disease or persistent symptoms. Palliative Care provided by SGP’s PSA aims to enhance quality of life by addressing pain management, symptom control, emotional support, and psycho-social well-being.

FAQs about Nephrotic Syndrome

1. How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed?

   Diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome often involves urine and blood tests for measuring protein and cholesterol levels, and sometimes a kidney biopsy may be performed for confirmation of disease.

2. Which age group is most commonly affected by nephrotic syndrome?

   Nephrotic syndrome can affect people of any age. It usually occurs in children, with a peak incidence in those aged 2 to 6 years.

3. How is nephrotic syndrome different from nephritic syndrome?

   Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by heavy proteinuria and edema, while nephritic syndrome is marked by hematuria and hypertension.

4. Can nephrotic syndrome lead to complications such as blood clots or infections? 

   Yes, it can increase the risk of blood clots and infections due to low levels of proteins such as antithrombin and immunoglobulins.

5. What dietary restrictions might be recommended for someone with nephrotic syndrome?

    A low-sodium diet is often advised to manage edema, while protein intake might be restricted depending on the severity of proteinuria.