Neurology
Neurological Disorders: A Guide for the Common Man
Introduction
Neurological disorders affect the brain and nervous system, causing a wide range of symptoms, from chronic pain and cognitive impairment to seizures and paralysis. In this article, we aim to provide information on the causes of neurological disorders, some types of neurological disorders, and available treatments.
What are Neurological Disorders
The nervous system is composed of nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain. Together, they regulate all bodily functions. There is a wide range of neurological disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Atypical Parkinson's, Bell's Palsy, Cluster Headache, Compressive Myelopathy, Epilepsy, Migraine, Motor Neuron Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Muscular Dystrophy, Neurogenic Bladder, Quadriplegia etc.
Neurological disorders are those that manifest as alterations in thought, emotion, or behaviour, resulting in either distress or a decrease in function. No matter the underlying cause, all neurological disorders are caused by damage to the nervous system. Where the damage occurs determines how much it affects the ability to communicate, see, hear, move, and think.
Types of Neurological Disorders
Common Symptoms of Neurological Disorders
Causes of Neurological Disorders
Understanding Neurological Disorders in Ayurveda
In Ayurveda, neurological disorders result from imbalances in the doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—fundamental energies governing the body. The majority of these disorders are attributed to Vata dosha imbalance, referred to as Vatavyaadhi, signifying health issues caused by Vata Dosha disruption. Let's delve into this perspective
Treatment and Management
Treatment options for neurological disorders depend on the underlying cause and specific symptoms. They may include:
Medication
- Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat severe muscle cramps.
- Clot-busting drugs are administered within a specific time window after an ischemic stroke to dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow.
- Anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs are prescribed to prevent the formation of blood clots and reduce the risk of stroke recurrence.
- Medications may be given to manage pain, prevent seizures, control high blood pressure, or manage other conditions associated with stroke or paralysis.
Rehabilitation therapy:
- Physical therapy is used to improve strength, balance, coordination, and mobility through exercises and specialized techniques.
- Occupational therapy is used to enhance the ability to perform activities of daily living, such as self-care, using adaptive devices, and modifying the environment.
- Speech therapy helps individuals regain communication skills, improve speech and language abilities, and address swallowing difficulties.
- Rehabilitation nursing is used to provide specialized care to manage complications, promote recovery, and support functional independence.
Assistive devices and mobility aids
- Individuals with mobility impairments may benefit from the use of a mobility aid, such as a wheelchair, walker, cane, or braces, to enable them to move around independently.
- Adaptive equipment can be used to facilitate activities of everyday life, such as dressing, meals, and personal grooming.
- Augmentative and Alternative Communication Devices (AACs) can help people with speech impairments to communicate their thoughts and feelings.
Surgery
- Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure that removes plaque from the arteries of the carotid to reduce the risk of stroke.
- Surgical procedures may be employed to address the root causes of paralysis, including spinal cord compression and nerve damage.
Supportive care
- Individuals affected by paralysis or stroke may benefit from psychological support services such as counselling, support groups and therapy, which can assist in managing the emotional distress associated with the condition.
- Modifying the living space to improve accessibility and safety, including the installation of grab bars, ramps or stairlifts.
Palliative care by SGP’s PSA
- Provides relief from symptoms with medications.
- Helps individuals cope with the emotional consequences of living with a blood disorder through counselling and support groups.
Conclusion
Neurological disorders are typically treated on a case-by-case basis and may be managed by a multi-disciplinary team of medical professionals, such as neurologists, physiotherapists, rehabilitation specialists, nurse practitioners, and therapists.
It is essential to seek prompt medical attention for stroke-related symptoms, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes. Rehabilitation and supportive care play a crucial role in maximizing functional independence, promoting recovery, and improving the quality of life in individuals with neurological disorders.
FAQs about Neurological Disorders
The nervous system controls and coordinates various bodily functions, allowing communication between different parts of the body.
Diagnostic methods can include brain imaging (e.g., MRI or CT scans), electroencephalograms (EEGs), and nerve conduction studies.
Not all neurological disorders are permanent. Some may be temporary and reversible such as a transient ischemic attack, while other conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease etc. can be chronic.
Inflammation can contribute to the progression and severity of some neurological disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management, can potentially lower the risk of developing certain neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
