Overview

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. It occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is essential for allowing glucose to enter cells and provide energy. When this process is disrupted, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream. Diabetes can develop gradually and may remain unnoticed in early stages. It affects multiple organ systems over time. Long-term uncontrolled blood sugar can damage the heart, kidneys, nerves, and eyes. The condition requires continuous monitoring. It can occur at any age and varies in severity. Early detection helps prevent complications.

What Happens During Allergic Rhinitis?

In diabetes, insulin production is insufficient or insulin resistance develops. As a result, glucose remains in the bloodstream instead of entering cells. Elevated blood sugar levels persist over time. This chronic hyperglycemia can damage blood vessels and organs. The body may also begin breaking down fat and muscle for energy if glucose cannot be properly utilized.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on blood glucose testing. Fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance tests are commonly used. Repeated abnormal results confirm the condition. Regular monitoring helps assess long-term control.