Overview

Prostate cancer is a malignancy that develops in the prostate gland, a small gland in men that produces seminal fluid. It is one of the most common cancers among men. Prostate cancer often grows slowly in its early stages. Many cases remain confined to the gland for years. However, some forms may grow aggressively and spread rapidly. Early stages may produce no symptoms. As the tumor enlarges, urinary symptoms may appear. Risk increases with age. Early screening can detect cancer before symptoms develop. Treatment options depend on stage and aggressiveness.

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Genetic mutations cause prostate cells to multiply uncontrollably. The growing tumor may compress the urethra, affecting urine flow. Cancer cells may invade surrounding tissues. In advanced stages, the disease may spread to bones and lymph nodes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis includes prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing and digital rectal examination (DRE). If abnormalities are detected, a prostate biopsy confirms the diagnosis. Imaging studies help determine whether the cancer has spread.