Overview

Breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. It can affect both women and men, although it is far more common in women. The cancer may begin in the milk ducts, lobules, or surrounding breast tissue. In early stages, it may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the tumor grows, it may form a lump or cause changes in breast appearance. Breast cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes and other parts of the body if not detected early. The progression varies depending on the type and stage. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. Regular screening plays an important role in early identification. Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide.

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Breast cancer develops when genetic changes cause cells to divide uncontrollably. These abnormal cells accumulate and form a mass or tumor. The tumor may invade surrounding tissues. Cancer cells can enter the lymphatic system or bloodstream and spread to other organs. The behavior of the tumor depends on its specific biological characteristics.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis begins with clinical breast examination and imaging such as mammography or ultrasound. If a suspicious area is identified, a biopsy is performed to confirm cancer. Additional imaging tests may determine whether the cancer has spread. Laboratory analysis identifies the tumor type and receptor status.