Introduction

Vitiligo is a condition in which the skin loses its pigment, resulting in a lighter complexion or white complexion. If the portion of the skin that has lost its pigmentation is less than one centimetre in width, it is referred to as a macula, and if it is larger than one centimetre in width, it is known as a patch. If vitiligo is present on a portion of the body that contains hair, the hair may appear white or silver. This condition is caused by the immune system’s destruction of melanocytes, which are skin cells responsible for the production of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour.

Signs and Symptoms of Vitiligo

• Discolouration of patches of skin (white or light-coloured)
• Patches of hair turn silver, white or grey
• Itchy skin

Causes of Vitiligo

• An autoimmune condition
• Genetic changes
• Stress
• Environmental triggers

Understanding Vitiligo in Ayurveda

In Ayurveda, vitiligo is believed to result from the imbalance of the body’s doshas, (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). It is linked to improper digestion and the accumulation of toxins, which affect melanin production.

Treatment and Management

The treatment of vitiligo aims to repair depigmented skin areas. It may include topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, narrowband UV-B phototherapy, or excimer laser therapy. For widespread cases, oral corticosteroids or systemic immunomodulators may be considered. Surgical options, such as melanocyte transplantation, can also be effective.

Care offered by SGP’s PSA has been demonstrated to be effective in alleviating symptoms and enhancing the quality of life for patients with vitiligo. The primary focus of care delivered by the PSA is to manage symptoms, address emotional and psychological distress, and improve overall comfort.

FAQs about Vitiligo

1. How is vitiligo diagnosed?

   Vitiligo is typically diagnosed through a visual examination conducted by a healthcare provider or a dermatologist. This may involve the use of a Wood’s lamp, which emits ultraviolet light onto the skin to distinguish between vitiligo from other skin conditions.

2. Is vitiligo contagious?

   Vitiligo is not contagious. It is an autoimmune skin condition where melanocytes, responsible for skin colour, are attacked by the immune system. It cannot be transmitted through contact or close proximity with affected individuals.

3. How to cope with vitiligo?

   Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. It is recommended that individuals with vitiligo reduce their stress levels and adhere to a nutritious diet to support their immune system.

4. Are there specific areas of the body where vitiligo commonly develops? 

   Vitiligo can appear anywhere on the body, but it often begins on areas exposed to the sun, like the face, hands, and feet.

5. Which foods may be beneficial for better management of vitiligo?

   Antioxidant-rich foods, such as walnuts and whole grains, mackerel, and seaweed, may be particularly beneficial for vitiligo, as they help to reduce inflammation and strengthen the immune system.